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arrow_back_ios Fertility Profile (Male)

Introduction

This panel serves as a clinical tool to provide complete diagnosis for possible cause(s) and help identify treatment strategy for infertility in males.1 The semen sample collected 1 and 4 weeks apart, is used in the process.

Test included

• ASAB (Antibody Sperm Antibody) Total
• Blood Sugar Fasting
• Blood Sugar Post Prandial
• Blood Urea Nitrogen
• Chlamydia Trachomatis IgA Antibodies (Serum)
• Chlamydia Trachomatis IgG Antibodies (Serum)
• FSH (Follicle Stimlating Hormone)
• LH (Leutinizing Hormone)
• Prolactin
• Semen Analysis
• Total Testosterone
• Urine Routine



What does the test help you decide?
The test is used to check for abnormal values of the factors mentioned above.

The factors are as follows:
AsAb (Antisperm Antibody) Total:

Anti-sperm antibodies (ASAs) markedly reduce sperm quality, which can subsequently lead to male infertility.3 Study suggest that sperm antibodies at a significant titre may lower male fertility.4 Hence, the accurate detection of ASAs derived from specific spermatozoa is clinically useful.3

Fasting Blood Sugar:
The level of testosterone correlates negatively with glycated haemoglobin (HBA1c) and fasting blood sugar.5 moreover, prevalence of erectile dysfunction was very high (78%) in type-2 diabetic patients that has been found to increase with age, fasting blood sugar and HbA1c level, and duration of diabetes. Further, diabetic patients have high prevalence of sexual dysfunctions which appears to be related to the infrequency, non-sensuality, dissatisfaction with sexual acts, non-communication, impotence, premature ejaculation and avoidance.

Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS):
Fluctuating blood glucose concentrations, like those observed during postprandial glycemic excursions in people with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus, may contribute significantly to oxidative stress. Intracellular generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), leads to decreased semen parameters owing to diabetics. Hence, testing of PPBS becomes a necessity.

Blood Urea Nitrogen

Chlamydia Trachomatis infection:
Chlamydia infection is majorly asymptomatic but if not treated is known to causes epididymitis and urethritis in men. Our infertility test profile for men includes screening for both Chlamydia Trachomatis IgA and IgG Antibodies in Serum. Presence of IgA antibodies to C. trachomatis has been associated with alterations in seminal parameters such as motility or leucocytospermia. Similarly, study suggest that the presence of C. trachomatis IgG antibodies in males is significantly and inversely correlated to the overall pregnancy rate. Hence, testing these may be important parameters that must not be ignored.

FSH  (Follicle Stimulating Hormone):
FSH is fundamental for the initiation of spermatogenesis in man since its mutation has shown to lead hypogonadism and infertility in the male. FSH assay is decisive clinical test in case of oligospermia, or azoospermia.

LH (Luteinizing Hormone):
FSH and LH secretion failure by the pituitary results in disruption of testicular function and infertility. Hence, a 'hormone profile' inclusive of LH concentrations is suggested useful in the routine investigation of an infertile man.

Prolactin:
Hyperprolactinemia directly influences spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis by acting on prolactin receptors in sertoli and leydig cells in testes, causing primary hypogonadism and infertility. Elevated blood prolactin levels also leads to spermatogenic arrest, impaired sperm motility, and altered sperm quality; eventually producing secondary hypogonadism and infertility. Hence, testing of prolactin levels is an important component of the fertility work up in males.

Semen Analysis:
Semen analysis (sperm count and volume of the semen) is the first step to identify factors of male infertility. WHO continuously updates (the latest being in 2010) the semen analysis manual in effort to standardize the test throughout the world.

Total Testosterone:
An age dependent steady decline in concentrations of free and total testosterone is associated with primary hypogonadism. If the total serum Testosterone level is 8826 300 ng/mL, further evaluations including free serum testosterone, prolactin, and LH, to identify the cause becomes necessary.

Urine Routine:
Urinalysis can is important component of male infertility panel since presence of WBCs, indicating possible infection; presence of sperm, indicating possible ejaculation disorders becomes useful.



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Ref.
Campbell KP, Lindley MC, Lentine D, Bhatt A. Hepatitis B virus evidence-statement; screening, immunization and treatment. In: Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A purchaser's guide to clinical preventive services: moving science into coverage. Washington DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Mishu Mangla M. and Singla D. Prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in rural India: a longitudinal observational study. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Oct;5(10):3500-3505. Mithal A., Bansal B., and Kalra S. Gestational diabetes in India: Science and society. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Nov-Dec; 19(6): 701–704.

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